Wastewater resulting from showering, cooking, washing and toilets in buildings can be cleaned with biological
waste water treatment plants. In doing so we remove nutrients which are mainly organic substances composed of
carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, which are in nature also food for harmful and dangerous microorganisms.
Although in nature our organic waste is decomposed in bio-geo-chemical processes that occur in natural cycles of
organic matter (C, N, P, S, O), this is not possible in the case of large quantities of organic waste,
which are typical for modern settlements.
Biological wastewater treatment plants are larger cylindrical containers, usually buried in the ground,
with the ventricles, in which decomposition of organic waste is taking place by aerobic (in the presence of oxygen)
and anaerobic (absence of oxygen) biological processes. The product of such treatment plant is purified water
that can be released into surface water streams or re-used, if appropriately filtered, and sludge that is usually composted.
Composting is the biological decomposition of residues of nutrients by microorganisms and air (oxygen).
After about six months of composting, a compost is produced.
|
Constructed wetland water cleaning system in the Cell
| Biological wastewater treatment plants are relatively large therefore we used cleaning method using plants and waterless toilet.
In the constructed wetland system only liquid effluent is cleaned. Nutrients and heavy metals are binded by plants
through the roots system into biomass. In our case very temperature resistant broadleaf rushes (Typha latifolia)
are planted in a porous body cleaning system, which is wrapped with waterproof plastic film.
Water does not drain from the system as it is transferred to the atmosphere by the plants process of evapotranspiration.
We build constructed wetland cleaning system with students ourselves. |
|
Dry composting toilet Separett VILLA which was delivered by company EKORIM is designed so that it separates urine and sludge.
Urine is drained into constructed wetland cleaning system and the sludge is kept in a sealed storage container in which the
Separett compostable waste bag is placed. Since the process of decomposition (composting) is continuous, toilet has
an integrated fan which supplies the air needed for composting and discharged gases and odours emitted in the process.
Therefore the toilet has a venting pipe. When the storage container is full,
the biodegradable bag with sludge is dumped in a composter. |
Using dry composting toilet in the Cell
| Composting toilet in the Cell is ready for use. The bag for sludge with absorber fluid Separett
ABSORB is inserted. Special system automatically removes the sealing cap, which otherwise prevents
the spread of odours, when the toilet lid is touched. When using the toilet, we have to follow
the instructions that are shown in Figure. |
| IMPORTANT: Sludge degrades after about half a year in compost. Because sludge can contain residues of drugs,
compost should only be used in locations of ornamental plants cultivation rather than vegetables! |
